Unit ten

 

Step one

Study of new words and expressions:

Burglar: 尤指夜间入屋行窃的)小偷,窃贼。这种偷窃行为叫:burglary

thief (尤指不使用暴力的)小偷,(窃)贼 eg. a car thief

robber: (尤指使用暴力的)强盗,窃贼

Alone: adv. 单独地,独自地 loney是形容词,“孤寂的,寂寞的”

eg. I live all alone but I never feel lonely. 我虽孑然一身,但从不寂寞。

Die: 它的过去式、过去分词都是died, 现在分词是dying. 它是一个短暂性动词。

eg. She’s very ill and I’m afraid she is dying. 她病得很重,恐怕要死了。

be dying for/to 极想,渴望

eg. I’m dying for a cigarette. 我真想抽支烟。

We’re dying to hear what happened. 我们都渴望听听发生了什么事。

die away (尤指声音、风、光)渐渐消失。

Become: 成为;变得;这个词的过去式是became, 过去分词是become

eg. The child was to become a great leader. 那孩子长大后必定成为伟大领袖。

谈到人或物的状态、外貌等的变化是,常用become, get, turn, go, 后接形容词。 它们之间又有区别。

1)指一个人的暂时性的身心变化或永久自然变化,可用becomeget (后者较通俗)

eg. become/get angry (famous, fat, ill, old, etc)

2) become和get 还可以用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。

eg. It’s becoming/getting cold (dark, cloudy, etc. ).

Divorce(离婚) is becoming/getting more common.

3)指某人肉体上或精神上的由强转弱时,用go

eg. go bald, deaf, insane, etc. 发秃,聋,疯等。

它还可指物由强转弱:The meat’s gone off/bad. 肉变味(坏)了。

4go turn 可用于指人或事物的颜色变化。Turn后接名词时,名词前不能加任何冠词。

eg. She went /turned blue with cold. 她冻的脸色发(变)青了。

The rotten meat went/turned green. 这块腐烂的肉发(变)绿了。

Sleep: 它的过去式、过去分词都是slept. “睡,睡觉,睡着”

eg. I slept at a friend’s house last night. 我昨晚睡在朋友家。

go to bed 它是“上床睡觉”的意思。

Lie: “躺,平躺”它的过去式是lay, 过去分词是lain.

Lie作“撒谎”时,它的过去式、过去分词都是lied.

Try: 它的过去式、过去分词都是tried. “试图,尝试,努力”

eg. I don’t know if I can come, but I’ll try. 我不知道我是否能来,但我尽可能来。

try to do sth manage to do sth 都有极力去做某事,但manage to do sth表示极力做某事做成功了。

eg. He tried to go there on time but in vain. 他极力想准时赶到那儿,但一切都是徒劳的。

The old man managed to learn to use computer. 那位老人使尽全力学会了使用计算机。

try one’s best to sth 竭尽全力做某事

try sth on 试穿(衣物等)

eg. Try on the shoes before you buy it. 买鞋要先穿上试试再买。

Spend: 它的过去式、过去分词都是spent.

1) spend sth (on / sth) 用钱,花钱

eg. She’s spent all her money. 她把钱都花光了。

He spends too much money on clothes. 他在衣服上花费太大。

2) spend sth (on sth/in doing sth) 花(时间等)

eg. spend a lot of time on a project/ (in) explaining a plan 花很多时间进行某项目(解释某方案)

3)度过,消磨(时间)

eg. spend summer holidays by the sea 在海滨过暑假

Cold: n. “伤风,感冒”

“患感冒”有两种说法:have/got a cold; catch cold 注意后面短语没有用冠词。

象在“头疼、胃疼”前要用冠词,如:have a headache/stomachache

但在“牙疼”、“耳疼”前有不用,如:I’ve got bad toothache.

Step two

1. Do exercise 1 on page144 and explain the dialogue.

2. Learn the grammar of simple past tense form.

一般过去时的构成及用法:

1)一般过去时的形式

动词be: 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余的人称一律用were

动词have: 一律用had, 没有人称和数的变化。

行为动词:一律用过去式,没有人称和数的变化,行为动词的过去式有两类,一类是规则动词,另一类是不规则动词。(规则动词的变化后面将详细讲解,常用不规则动词的变化可以复习中学学过的一些,平时的学习需要积累)

一般过去时动词的肯定、否定、一般疑问和简略回答以及特殊疑问句的形式见列表:

肯定、否定形式

 

 

动词

be

I was …

I was not …

You were …

You were not

He/She/It was …

He/She/It was not …

We

 

were …

We

 

were not …

You

You

They

They

 

动词

have

I

 

 

had …

I

 

 

had not …

You

You

He/She/It

He/She/It

We

We

You

You

They

They

 

行为动词

(study)

I

 

 

studied …

I

 

 

did not study

You

You

He/She/It

He/She/It

We

We

You

You

They

They

行为动词的过去时的否定式,要使用助动词 do 的过去式did,后面的谓语动词要还为原形。在非正式语如口语中。did not 可成紧缩形式didn’t


一般疑问和简略回答

 

一般疑问

简略回答

 

动词

be

 

Were you …?

Was he …?

Were they …?

Yes, I was.

No, I was not.

Yes, he was.

No, he was not.

Yes, they were.

No, they were not.

 

动词

have

 

Had you …?

Had he …?

Had they …?

Yes, I had.

No, I had not.

Yes, he had.

No, he had not.

Yes, they had.

 

 

行为动词

(study)

 

 

Did you study … ?

Did he study …?

Did they study …?

No, they had not.

Yes, I did.

No, I did not.

Yes, he did.

No, he did not.

Yes, they did.

No, they did not.

注意:was not, were not, had notdid not 可以分别缩写成wasn’t, weren’t, hadn’tdidn’t

 

特殊疑问句

回答

动词be

Where was she?

She was at home.

行为动词(study)

When did you study English?

I studied it last year.

 

2) 行为动词的一般过去式:

行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-ed 构成。构成及读法如下表:

构成

例词

 

读音

在动词后加

-ed

e结尾的动词后加

-d

以辅音字母+y结尾的动词先将y变为i再加-d

以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双辅音字母后再加-ed(以x结尾的词除外

在清辅音后[t]

worked

helped

hopped

liked

---

stopped, mapped

在元音和浊辅音后读[d]

stayed

called

believed

lived

studied

tried

planned

referred

在辅音t, d后读[id]

wanted

needed

---

---

permitted, admitted

 

3) 一般过去时的用法:

a. 表示过去的动作或状态,常和明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998等,或与由when引导的从句。

eg. I saw him yesterday.

        She bought the bike two years ago.

        He was there just now.

        Where did you live when you were young?

b. 也可以表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作。句子中常带有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等时间状语。

eg. When I studied in the university, I read aloud every morning.

In the past few years I usually went touring during my summer vocations.

在过去的几年里,每逢暑假我总是出去旅游。

NOTE: 也可以用“used to +动词原形”表示过去经常或反复的动作。

eg. We used to get up early. 我以前总是早起。(意指现在不早起了)

3. Do exercise3,4,5,6,7 from page 145 to page 147.

Explain the difference between BAR and PUB.

A bar is a place in a pub, a hotel, a club or a restaurant where you can buy alcoholic drinks;

A pub is a building where people can have drinks, especially alcoholic drinks, and talk to their friends.

4. Do exercise 1 on page 149, and explain the exercise 3 on page 150.

Step three

1. Ask students to read the letter silently and underline the regular Past Simple tense forms, then answer the following questions with YES or NO.

  1. Did Mrs. Turner travel with her mother?
  2. Did they go to France?
  3. Did the visit Madrid?
  4. Was the service good?
  5. Did they eat English food?
  6. Was her husband fine?

2. Explain the text.

Text

Complaining About a Holiday

Dear Sir,

My husband and I went to Spain with Sun Holidays. We visited Madrid and we also toured southern Spain in about six different hotels. The hotels were awful, the food was terrible and so was the service. They never gave us English food and it rained every day. The holiday turned out to be very expensive. My husband become ill

Note:
Sun Holidays 这里是指一个旅行社的名称。

Tour 和 Travel的比较:

If you tour a place you go on a journey or a trip around it, visiting all the scenic spots and monuments; if you travel you go from one place to another or go to several places, especially in foreign countries, but the trip is not always planned in such detail.

… so was the service. 是一个倒装句,意思是:The service was terrible too.”

倒装句:英语中为了表达的需要,将句子谓语的全部或部分放到主语的前面,这种结构叫倒装句。它分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种形式。完全倒装是指将整个谓语放到主语前面;部分倒装是指将谓语一部分(如助动词、情态动词、系动词to be 等)放到主语的前面。

1)连词So/Nor/neither + be/do +主语

eg. They work hard, so do we. 他们努力工作,我们也如此。

You don’t like fishing, nor do I. 你不喜欢钓鱼,我也不喜欢。

Wood cannot conduct electricity, neither (nor) can glass. 木材不能导电,玻璃也不能。

NOTE对于连词so,如果表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人(或东西)需用倒装。如果句子只是重复前面的一句话的意思,尽管是用so开头,语序也不颠倒。

eg. --- “It was cold yesterday.”

    --- “So it was.”

2)在某些否定词或具有否定意义的词,如never, hardly, (not) only, little, seldom, not until 等以及only + 状语,often 等开头的句子中。

eg. Never shall I forget that day when I was admitted into the school.

   我永远不会忘记我被学校录取的那一天。

   Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

   他才开口发言就被听众阻止了。

   Not only had he read the book but he remembered what he had read.

    他不但读过这本书,而且还记得所读的内容。

   Seldom does she go to the down town.

   她很少到商业区去。

   Only under such a condition will he make steady progress.

   只有在这样的条件下,他才会取得扎实的进步。

become ill 是指生病以致于不能正常工作或学习,而feel ill并非一定是生病了,可能是劳累过度,也可能吃了什么不舒服。

3. Do exercise2, on page 151, exercise4 on page 152.

4. Do the following exercise6,7.

4. Do exercise 1 on page 157.

 

总结:本单元的学习重点是“一般过去时的构成及用法”以及“倒装句的构成及用法”。

 

课后作业: 在书上做:exercise 2 on page 150; exercise 2 on page 158; exercise 3 on page 159.